C Tutorial

1. Introduction to C Programming
   • History and evolution of C
   • Features of C
   • Installing C/C++ Compiler on Windows
   • Writing and executing the first C program in VS Code and VS Code Insider
   • Structure of a C program
   • Tokens in C
2. Data Types and Variables
   • Data Types
   • Declaring and initializing variables
   • Constants and literals
   • Enumerated data type
3. Operators and Expressions
   • Arithmetic operators
   • Relational operators
   • Logical operators
   • Bitwise operators
   • Assignment operators
   • Miscellaneous operators (sizeof, ternary, etc.)
   • Operator precedence and associativity
4. Control Structures
   • Decision-making statements (if, if-else, nested if-else, switch-case)
   • Looping statements (for, while, do-while)
   • Nested loops
   • Break and continue statements
   • goto statement
5. Functions
   • Function declaration, definition, and calling
   • Return values and types
   • Parameter passing (call by value, call by reference)
   • Recursion
   • Storage classes (auto, extern, static, register)
   • Inline functions
6. Arrays and Strings
   • One-dimensional arrays
   • Multi-dimensional arrays
   • Strings and string handling functions (strcpy, strcat, strcmp, strlen, etc.)
   • Array of strings
7. Pointers
   • Basics of pointers
   • Pointer arithmetic
   • Pointers and arrays
   • Pointers and strings
   • Pointers to functions
   • Pointers to pointers
   • Dynamic memory allocation (malloc, calloc, realloc, free)
8. Structures and Unions
   • Defining and declaring structures
   • Accessing structure members
   • Array of structures
   • Nested structures
   • Structures and functions
   • Pointers to structures
   • Unions
9. File Handling
   • File operations (open, close, read, write, append)
   • File modes
   • File pointers
   • End-of-file (EOF)
   • Error handling in file operations
10. Preprocessor Directives
    • #define and macros
    • #include
    • Conditional compilation (#ifdef, #ifndef, #if, #endif)
    • #undef
11. Advanced Topics
    • Command line arguments
    • Variable argument list functions
    • Memory management
    • Linked lists
    • Data structures (stack, queue, tree, graph)
    • Bitwise operations
    • Sorting and searching algorithms
12. Debugging and Optimization
    • Common debugging techniques
    • Using debugging tools (gdb, valgrind, etc.)
    • Code optimization techniques
13. Standard Libraries
    • Standard Input and Output Library (stdio.h)
    • String Manipulation Library (string.h)
    • Mathematical Library (math.h)
    • Dynamic Memory Allocation Library (stdlib.h)
    • Time and Date Library (time.h)

This syllabus covers the fundamental aspects of C programming, providing a solid foundation for understanding and using the language effectively.