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0 Welcome to C++
C++ is a popular cross-platform language that can be used to create high-performance applications – operating systems, browsers, video-games, art applications and so on.
C++ was derived from C, and is largely based on it.
A C++ program is a collection of commands or statements.
Below is a simple program template.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
return 0;
};
Curly brackets { } indicate the beginning and end of a function, which can also be called the function’s body. The information inside the brackets indicates what the function does when executed.
Hello World Program in C++
Let’s output “Hello world!” to the screen!
To do that, we will add cout<<“Hello world!”; line to our main() function body:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout << "Hello world!";
cout << " This " << "is " << "awesome!";
return 0;
};
cout is used to perform output on the standard output device which is usually the display screen.
cout is used in combination with the stream insertion operator <<.
Note: that you can add multiple insertion operators after cout.
In C++, the semicolon is used to terminate a statement. Each statement must end with a semicolon. It indicates the end of one logical expression.
Headers
C++ has headers, each of which contains information needed for programs to work properly.
We have already seen the standard <iostream> header on our first C++ program:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout << "Hello world!";
return 0;
};
#include pre-processor is used for adding a standard or user-defined header files to the program.
The <iostream> header defines the standard stream objects that input and output data.
Namespaces
A namespace is a declarative region that provides a scope to the identifiers (names of elements) inside it.
In our code, the line using namespace std; tells the compiler to use the std (standard) namespace:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout << "Hello world!";
return 0;
} ;
The std namespace includes features of the C++ Standard Library.
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