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0 PHP Operators
- In programming and logic, an operator symbol is used to perform an operation on some value such as addition, substraction, and so on
- Operators assign values, works with strings and numbers and can control program flow
Types of Operators
- Assignment
- Math (Same as when you learned math in grade school)
- String
- Comparison
- Logical
Assignment Operators
The Assignment Operators ( = ) sets the value to the left of the operand to the value on the right
You can also combine it with other operators
<?php
//Combined Operators //Same as
$a=$b; $a=$b; //The left operand gets set to the value of the expression on the right
$a+=$b; $a=$a+$b; //Addition
$a-=$b; $a=$a-$b; //Substraction
$a*=$b; $a=$a*$b; //Multiplication
$a/=$b; $a=$a/$b; //Division
$a%=$b; $a=$a%$b; //Modulus
$a.=$b; $a=$a.$b; //Concatenate
?>
Concatenate Operator is Often used to create output
TIP: Do not think of = as “equal” … think of it as “assignment”
TIP: Think of == as “equal”
Math Operators
The PHP math/arithmetic operators are used with numeric values to perform common arithmetical operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication etc.
| Examples | Name | Result |
|---|---|---|
| -$a | Negative | Negative Value of $a |
| $a + $b | Addition | Sum of $a and $b |
| $a – $b | Subtraction | Difference of $a and $b |
| $a * $b | Multiplication | Product of $a and $b |
| $a / $b | Division | Quotient of $a and $b |
| $a % $b | Modulus | Remainder of $a divided by $b |
| $a ** $b | Exponentiation | Result of raising $a to the $b’th power |
TIP: The division operator(“/”) return a float value anytime, even if the two operands are integers (or strings that get converted to integers)
There are also increment/decrement operators ++ and —
Note: $a++ is equal to $a+1
String Operators
PHP has two operators that are specially designed for strings.
The concatenation operator (.) allows you to combine two strings together into a single string
| Examples | Name | Result |
|---|---|---|
| $txt1 . $txt2 | Concatenation | Concatenation of $txt1 and $txt2 |
| $txt1 .= $txt2 | Concatenation assignment | Appends $txt2 to $txt1 |
for example, both these lines of code have the same result
<?php
echo "Hello "."World";
echo "Hello World";
?>
Output:
Hello World
Hello World
Comparison Operators
If you compare an integer with a string, the string is converted to a number
If you compare two numerical strings, they are compared as integers
| Examples | Name |
|---|---|
| $a==$b | equal |
| $a===$b | Identical (same value and type) |
| $a!=$b | Not equal |
| $a<>$b | Not equal (numerical) |
| $a!==$b | Not Identical (values and types not the same) |
| $a<$b | Less than |
| $a>$b | Greater than |
| $a<=$b | Less than or equal to |
| $a>=$b | Greater than or equal to |
| $a <=> $b | Spaceship(Returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero, depending on if $a is less than, equal to, or greater than $b. Introduced in PHP 7.) |
Note: “Not identical” values and types are not the same
Logical Operators
You are already be femiliar with some of these operators
- and (“and” and && symbols are both supported)
- or (“or” and || symbols are both supported)
- xor (“xor” and ^ symbols are both supported)
- not (“not” and ! symbols are both supported)
Why are two symbols that do same thing?
- Order Precedence -it depends upon which symbol you use
- For Example- and or && – the entire statement may evaluate to a different result
- The reason for the two difference variation of “and” and “or” operators is that they operate at different precedence
- Be sure to define xor: $a xor $b if either is true but not both
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